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On this day in 1944, white transit workers in Philadelphia protested the promotion of eight Black workers to become trolley drivers—a job previously reserved for white men.

Aug. 1, 1944 | White Transit Workers Protest Black Workers' Promotions in PhiladelphiaLearn more about our history of racial injustice.calendar.eji.org

On this day in 1963, nine years after the Supreme Court banned racial segregation in public schools, the University of North Alabama denied admission to Walter Gunn because he was Black.

Jul. 31, 1963 | Years After Brown Ruling, UNA Denies Black Student Admission Based on RaceLearn more about our history of racial injustice.calendar.eji.org

Alabama abolished judicial override in 2017, finally prohibiting trial judges from rejecting jury verdicts of life to impose the death penalty. Still, 25 people in the state face execution despite their jurors voting for life imprisonment without parole.

Despite Jury Verdicts for Life, People in Alabama Still Face Execution25 people face execution in Alabama whose juries voted for life.eji.org

On this day in 1866, a white mob that included many Confederate veterans attacked a group of Black people who were participating in a voting rights convention in New Orleans, killing dozens.

Jul. 30, 1866 | White Mob Attacks Black Voting Rights Convention in New OrleansLearn more about our history of racial injustice.calendar.eji.org

On this day in 1910, a white mob of hundreds massacred Black residents in Slocum, a majority-Black community in Texas.

Jul. 29, 1910 | White Mob Massacres Black Residents in Slocum, TexasLearn more about our history of racial injustice.calendar.eji.org

On this day in 1916, police in Louisville, Kentucky, arrested three Black people allegedly involved in interracial relationships and launched a full investigation into other local cases.

Jul. 28, 1916 | Louisville Police Arrest Three Black People for Interracial RelationshipsLearn more about our history of racial injusticecalendar.eji.org

On this day in 1967, the Detroit Rebellion ended. During the conflict, at least 43 people, 33 of whom were Black, were killed—most at the hands of law enforcement.

Jul. 27, 1967 | Detroit Rebellion Leaves Dozens Dead, Most at the Hands of Law EnforcementLearn more about our history of racial injustice.calendar.eji.org

On this day in 1949, a mob of hundreds of white men shot Ernest Thomas, a Black man, over 400 times while he was asleep under a tree in Madison County, Florida.

Jul. 26, 1949 | White Mob Lynches Ernest Thomas, Member of Groveland FourLearn more about our history of racial injustice.calendar.eji.org

On this day in 1946, two Black couples were lynched in Walton County, Georgia. Even with a federal investigation, no one was ever held accountable.

Jul. 25, 1946 | White Mob Lynches Two Black Couples in Walton County, GeorgiaLearn more about our history of racial injustice.calendar.eji.org

On this day in 1972, a D.C. newspaper exposed an ongoing 40-year syphilis experiment that withheld diagnosis information and treatment from Black men in Alabama to study the disease's effects.

Jul. 24, 1972 | Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment Exposed by Washington Star NewspaperLearn more about our history of racial injustice.calendar.eji.org

On this day in 1942, the governor of Alabama refused to aid in the war effort if it required integration, choosing instead to maintain segregated work practices.

Jul. 23, 1942 | Alabama Refuses to Aid in War Effort if Any Form of Racial Integration Is RequiredLearn more about our history of racial injustice.calendar.eji.org

On this day in 1899, a white mob abducted Frank Embree from officers transporting him to stand trial and lynched him in front of a crowd of over 1,000 people in Fayette, Missouri.

Jul. 22, 1899 | White Mob Lynches Frank Embree Hours Before Trial in Fayette, MissouriLearn more about our history of racial injustice.calendar.eji.org

On this day in 1913, 35 Black men at a segregated prison camp in Mississippi burned to death when the neglected dormitory they were locked into at night caught fire.

Jul. 21, 1913 | 35 Black People Burn to Death in Mississippi Prison CampLearn more about our history of racial injustice.calendar.eji.org

On this day in 1805, the Mississippi Territory passed “An Act to Prevent the Liberation of Slaves,” which barred enslavers from freeing enslaved people except in extraordinary cases.

Jul. 20, 1805 | Mississippi Territory Passes “Act to Prevent the Liberation of Slaves”Learn more about our history of racial injustice.calendar.eji.org

On this day in 1919, a mob of white men moved through a neighborhood in Washington, D.C., gathering weapons and beating Black residents, starting a campaign of terror that would continue for days.

Jul. 19, 1919 | White Mob Terrorizes Black D.C. Residents During Red SummerLearn more about our history of racial injustice.calendar.eji.org

On this day in 1946, Maceo Snipes was lynched in Taylor County, Georgia, for voting in a recent election. His relatives later faced threats and fled the region in fear.

Jul. 18, 1946 | Black Veteran Maceo Snipes Fatally Shot After Voting in Georgia PrimaryLearn more about our history of racial injustice.calendar.eji.org

Last week, a federal appeals court ruled that Florida’s “Stop WOKE” law—which bars professors from discussing topics related to race and gender in the classroom—violates the First Amendment’s guarantee of freedom of speech.

Federal Appeals Court Rules Florida Classroom Censorship Law Is UnconstitutionalFlorida’s “Stop WOKE” law violates the First Amendmenteji.org

On this day in 1956, to undermine the local bus boycott against segregation, the City Commission in Tallahassee, Florida, ordered a crackdown on drivers who volunteered to carpool Black residents.

Jul. 17, 1956 | Tallahassee City Commission Cracks Down on Carpooling for Black ResidentsLearn more about our history of racial injustice.calendar.eji.org

On this day in 1944, 27-year-old Irene Morgan was traveling by bus from Virginia to Baltimore when she was arrested for refusing to give up her seat to a white passenger.

Jul. 16, 1944 | Irene Morgan Arrested in VA for Refusing to Give Up Seat for White PassengerLearn more about our history of racial injustice.calendar.eji.org

On this day in 1954, the U.S. government staged mass deportations across the Southwest. By the end of the campaign, thousands of people had been deported, including many in the country legally and even some U.S. citizens.

Jul. 15, 1954 | U.S. Government Stages Mass Deportations in the American SouthwestLearn more about our history of racial injustice.calendar.eji.org