Observational evidence can be deeply misleading in health settings. In our study of workplace wellness programs, RCT and observational analyses reached opposite conclusions, despite having access to rich administrative data. www.nytimes.com/2018/08/06/u...
Unpopular opinion but if you're interested in the effects of a medical product, it's 'RCT or bust' for me. I can see the case for observational analyses when randomization isn't possible, ethical, or the condition is too rare or some other such thing, but there's no such excuse here.