In an essay for the blog, Nicolás Ignacio Rojas writes that the status of semi-autonomous “vassals,” which was accorded by Spain to Chile's Indigenous Mapuche in 18th- and 19th-century treaties, challenges received dichotomies between sovereignty and subjugation. web.sas.upenn.edu/jhiblog/2026...
Negotiated Vassalage on the Chilean Frontierby Nicolás Ignacio Rojasweb.sas.upenn.edu